Journal of Academic Opinion

The Impact of Growth and Economic Freedoms on Trade Deficit: Panel ARDL Analysis in MIST Countries

Berrak Tekgün — Wed, 13 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0300

Foreign trade allows companies in different countries to have access to a broader market. Thus, it increases competition by offering consumers more options. Economic freedom, trade freedom, and GDP are important factors in international trade and economic policy practices. In this context, the freedom of foreign trade can contribute to promoting economic and trade freedoms. However, it is important to evaluate not only a general assessment but also a country-specific evaluation in terms of short-term adverse effects. This study aims to examine the impact of the Economic Freedom Index, Trade Freedom Index, and GDP on the trade deficit in MIST (Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, and Turkey) countries. For this purpose, the Panel ARDL analysis method was applied using data from the period 1996-2022. According to the findings, in the long run, the Economic Freedom Index variable has a positive and significant relationship with the trade deficit, while the Trade Freedom Index and GDP variables have a negative and significant relationship. In the short term, significant and positive relationships were observed between the Trade Freedom Index and GDP variables.

A Study on Whether Shocks Have a Permanent Effect on Inflation: The Case of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Mehmet Erdoğmuş — Sat, 30 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The aim of this study is to reveal whether the inflation series (calculated separately for Denmark, Sweden, and Norway) is permanently affected by shocks. Depending on data availability, the analysis period covers the period 1968–2022 for Denmark, the period 1956–2022 for Sweden, and the period 1951–2022 for Norway. Annual inflation data were taken into account in the study. The reason for choosing annual inflation data is to avoid seasonal effects. For the Norwegian inflation data, the result of the unit root test proposed by Dickey and Fuller (1979) was taken into account. For Swedish inflation data, the result of the stationarity test suggested by Carrion-i-Silvestre and Sansó (2007) was taken into account. The unit root test recommended by Kapetanios et al. (2003), the unit root test proposed by Kruse (2011), and the unit root test suggested by Güriş and Güriş (2022) were applied to the inflation data of Denmark. As a result of the empirical analysis, it can be said that the inflation series calculated separately for Denmark and Norway is not permanently affected by the shocks (it does not contain a unit root). If structural breaks are taken into account, it can also be stated that the Swedish inflation series does not contain a unit root. Based on the findings, it is recommended that no interventions be made to reduce the impact of minor shocks on inflation in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.

Business Ethics and Unethical Behaviours in Human Resource Management

Çetin Bektaş — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The main purpose of this study is to explain the concept of business ethics in human resources management and the components that make up business ethics. In addition, behaviors that do not comply with business ethics in human resources management are explained. In this study, the document analysis method was used. In this method only written and visual materials are used, if direct observation and interview are not possible in the research. In other words, examining and analyzing documents is also used as a method in this research.

The moral institution is one of the most important institutions that ensure the integrity of society and keep it alive. Business ethics is essentially an integral part of social ethics. For this reason, business ethics should be established together while establishing social ethics. Business ethics generally consists of three basic elements. These are work ethics, professional ethics, and business administration ethics. As in the "compound containers principle" in chemistry, these three elements support each other. These three elements decrease together in societies where business ethics principles are ignored. This decrease leads to an increase in unethical behaviors. In a society where the principles of business ethics are not followed; Social diseases such as discrimination, favoritism, corruption, bribery, embezzlement, conflict, use of affection and intimacy, violence, sexual harassment, dogmatic behavior, arrogance, and superiority are increasing. To prevent these social diseases, it is necessary to establish social ethics and business ethics. The concept of business ethics is explained to understand better the behaviors that do not comply with business ethics. Then, the definition of business ethics is made and the three sub-components of business ethics (elements of business ethics) are explained. In the continuation, human resources management and behaviors that do not comply with business ethics are explained under ten sub-titles.

The The Impact of Financial Liberalization on Income Distribution: Analysis of G-7 Countries

Alihan Serdengeçti — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The impact of financial liberalisation on income distribution has attracted increasing attention. However, the debate on whether financial liberalisation is a gain or a loss is still ongoing. Especially in the 1990s, following the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, financial liberalisation became a globally widespread concept. While this concept constituted the basis of neoliberal policies, it emerged as a saviour solution in periods when state policies were dominant. Financial liberalisation means the implementation of policies and reforms that emphasise the liberalisation of the international financial system and the liberalisation of capital flows. In this period, processes such as liberalisation of capital flows, development of financial markets, deregulation of the banking sector and increased international financial integration have come to the fore. In this context, examining the impact of financial liberalisation on income distribution has become an important issue among economists and researchers. Moreover, among the countries where financial liberalisation policies have been implemented, some of them have achieved positive results, while in others they have led to costly crises. In this framework, the aim of this study is to examine the impact of financial liberalisation on G-7 countries during the 2008 crisis period. This is because the potential effects of financial liberalisation on developed countries during crisis periods are desired to be observed. In the study, the relationship between financial liberalisation and income distribution was analysed by panel data analysis method using data from 2003-2013. According to the results of the analysis, it is observed that financial liberalisation has a positive effect on income distribution in developed countries.

Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Remote Working and Working in a Workplace Environment on Job Satisfaction

ibrahim yıldırımçakar, Zafer Kanberoğlu — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0300

Remote working, which started to come to the fore with the COVID-19 pandemic that was effective worldwide in 2019, continues to exist as an important working model in ensuring continuity in working life during crisis periods. The movement of the workforce away from traditional business models through remote working has brought about the problem of job satisfaction. For this reason, this study was prepared to reveal the effect of remote working and working in the workplace on job satisfaction. This study collected data via survey method on academicians, bankers, teachers, call center employees and software engineers. The twenty-item short version of the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Inventory was used in the study. Data obtained from 546 participants were analyzed with T-Test, ANOVA and correlation tests with SPSS package 23 program. According to the analysis results, Pearson correlation method was used to compare the satisfaction levels obtained in remote working and working in the workplace environment. Accordingly, the relationship between job satisfaction scores in the workplace and remote working was found to be statistically significant (p <.05). Accordingly, it was determined that the satisfaction level of the participants in remote work was higher than the satisfaction level they achieved in the workplace environment. However, it has been determined that academicians have higher satisfaction levels in remote work than other professional groups. While the professional group with the lowest satisfaction level in remote work is teachers, another important result of the study is that single participants have higher satisfaction levels in remote work than married participants.